最高人民法院关于认真学习和贯彻《中华人民共和国反垄断法》的通知
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最高人民法院关于认真学习和贯彻《中华人民共和国反垄断法》的通知
最高人民法院关于认真学习和贯彻《中华人民共和国反垄断法》的通知
各省、自治区、直辖市高级人民法院，解放军军事法院，新疆维吾尔自治区高级人民法院生产建设兵团分院：
《中华人民共和国反垄断法》（以下简称反垄断法）已由第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议于2007年8月30日通过，将自2008年8月1日起施行。为正确适用反垄断法，审理好与反垄断法相关的案件，现就学习和贯彻反垄断法的有关问题通知如下：
一、充分认识反垄断法实施的重大意义
反垄断法是制止垄断行为、保护市场竞争和维护市场秩序的基本法律，也是完善市场结构、保障经济安全和确保市场配置资源基础性作用的重要法律。反垄断法对于维护经营者和消费者合法权益，促进技术创新和技术进步，提高企业竞争力，保证国民经济的健康、持续、协调发展，具有极为重要的作用。各级人民法院要认真学习和贯彻执行反垄断法，正确领会反垄断法的立法意图，充分发挥审判职能作用，通过依法审理反垄断案件，制止非法垄断行为，保护经营者和消费者的合法权益，维护公平竞争的市场秩序。
二、依法审理好各类反垄断案件
反垄断法第五十条规定：“经营者实施垄断行为，给他人造成损失的，依法承担民事责任。”当事人因垄断行为提起民事诉讼的，只要符合民事诉讼法第一百零八条和反垄断法规定的受理条件，人民法院应当依法受理，并依法审判。反垄断法与制止知识产权滥用行为和保护知识产权紧密相关，也与反不正当竞争法同属于竞争法范畴。今年4月1日起施行的《最高人民法院民事案件案由规定》将垄断纠纷与各种不正当竞争纠纷集中规定，统一纳入了知识产权纠纷范围。据此，各级人民法院负责知识产权案件审判业务的审判庭，要依法履行好审判职责，切实审理好涉及滥用知识产权的反垄断民事案件以及其他各类反垄断民事案件。
反垄断执法机构依据反垄断法作出的具体行政行为，公民、法人或者其他组织不服提起行政诉讼的，应根据行政诉讼法和反垄断法第五十三条的规定，确定是否需要经过行政复议。对于应由人民法院受理的案件，只要符合行政诉讼法规定的起诉条件的，人民法院应当依法受理，并依法审判。
三、加强调查研究工作，认真总结反垄断审判经验
反垄断案件高度疑难复杂，经济与法律问题相互交织，专业性很强，对企业和行业均有重大影响，有些案件还涉及国家的经济安全。反垄断法的一些规定具有较强的原则性和抽象性，涉及人民法院的操作条款相对比较简单。因此，在审理反垄断案件中将会遇到许多新情况新问题，各级人民法院要未雨绸缪，早作部署和应对，切实搞好调查研究，及时总结审判经验。特别是，对于案件管辖、原告资格、适格被告、垄断行为的认定、民事责任的承担和反垄断具体行政行为合法性的标准等问题，要加强调研。对于适用反垄断法中遇到的新情况新问题和调研成果，要及时层报最高人民法院。对于重大反垄断案件，要认真执行大要案件层报制度。
以上各项，请遵照执行。
二〇〇八年七月二十八日
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山西省人民政府关于贯彻执行《山西省土地管理实施办法》的几项规定
山西省人民政府关于贯彻执行《山西省土地管理实施办法》的几项规定
山西省政府
为贯彻实施《山西省土地管理实施办法》，现对新菜地开发建设基金的收取和使用，农户转为非农户人员的粮食差价、刻食补助费的缴纳标准和使用办法，以及国家建设征用土地上的附着物补偿费标准，作如下规定：
一、关于新莱地开发建设基金的收取和使用
1、国家建设单位经批准征用商品菜地的，由所在地县级土地管理部门按《山西省土地管理实施办法》第三十一条规定标准，由土地管理部门向用地单位核收新菜地开发建设基金。
2、新菜地建设基金必须用于新菜地建设，不得挪作它用，并按省政府办公厅（晋政办发[1986] 113号）《关于加强预算外资金管理的规定》进行管理。
3、县级土地管理部门和蔬菜生产主管部门，应会同同级商业、农业、财政等部门对辖区内新菜地的开发建设作出规划，确定菜地保护区范围，并制定年度资金使用计划，报同级人民政府批准实施。
4、新菜地开发建设基金的使用，由县级人民政府责成土地管理部门、蔬菜生产主管部门，根据批准的资金使用计划，与有条件承担开发建设任务的单位或个人签订合同。合同应规定：开发建设新菜地的面积，土地建设标准，供应市场的蔬菜数量，工程设施和补助费数额以及奖罚办法? 取Ｊ卟松鞴懿棵鸥涸鸺喽胶贤穆男小? 5、新菜地开发建设基金使用范围是：开发建设新菜地所需的勘测规划、技术培训、科学实验，开发建设新菜地必须进行的开沟、挖渠、打井等基础工程及其必要设备的购置，新菜地的整治、改良和培肥等开支。
6、土地管理部门要根据县级人民政府批准的新菜地开发建设规划和资金使用计划，以及签订的新莱地开发建设合同，拔付所需款项。
7、各级财政、审计部门和农业银行应对新菜地开发建设基金的征收、使用情况及其经济效益进行检查、监督。
8、上述规定也适用于城镇集体单位建设征用菜地。乡镇企业占用《山西省土地管理实施办法》第三十一条第一、二项所列太原、大同、阳泉、长治、晋城市郊区的商品菜地，参照本规定执行。
二、关于农户转为非农户人员的粮食差价、副食补助费的收取和管理使用
1、从1987年1月11日《山西省土地管理实施办法》公布之日起，凡建设单位征用耕地的，一律按每亩五百元，向所在地县级财政部门缴纳转户农民粮食差价、副食补助费。
2、县财政部门收取的这项费用要专户储存，由县政府掌握，专项用于农转非农民的粮食差价、副食补贴。具体管理使用办法，由省财政厅、省土地管理局下达。
三、关于被征用土地上的附着物的补偿标准
1、房屋拆迁补偿费，应根据所拆房屋的新旧程度、结构状况，按建筑面积每平方米的补偿标准为：混合结构二百至二百五十元；砖房八十至一百二十元；砖石窑洞七十至一百元；土坯房六十至九十元；土窑洞六十至七十元。
2、水利设施的补偿费标准：被征地内的水井，排灌渠和各种水利设施，按新建费用支付；废井、废渠和报废的水利设施，一律不予补偿。
3、坟墓迁葬补偿费标准：按每座墓丘八十至一百二十元计算。无主坟墓由用地单位会同县级土地管理部门妥善处理。烈士墓和少数民族墓，建设单位应分别与当地民政和民族宗教部门协商处理。
4、零星用材树木的补偿：椽材以下的树木（苗）征用时，征地单位应向森林经营单位或林木所有者支付树木（苗）移栽费和工本费。椽材以上的树木，伐除的树木如归占地单位，占地单位应按照木材蓄积量价值（国家现行木材价格）向被占地单位补偿。如伐除的树木归被占地单位，? ㄉ璧ノ挥ο虮徽嫉氐ノ恢Ц妒髂究撤シ选? 零星果树的补偿：已挂果果树，应按该树前三年平均产量价值（现行价格）的四倍计算。未挂果的幼树，应赔偿苗木工本、管理费和移植苗木费。
5、其他附着物的补偿，由县级人民政府结合当地实际情况处理。
1989年2月1日
对个人的外汇管理施行细则(附英文)
对个人的外汇管理施行细则(附英文)
国家外管局
一、为贯彻执行《中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例》第三章的规定，特制定本细则。
二、居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人，收到由外国和港澳等地区汇入的外汇，必须结售给中国银行；对每笔人民币三千元（含三千元）以上的大额汇款，允许留存10％的外汇。
上述结售给中国银行所得的人民币，都可以享受优待侨汇的有关待遇。
三、居住在中国境内的中国人在中华人民共和国成立前、华侨在回国定居前、港澳同胞在回乡定居前存放在外国或者港澳等地区的外汇，以及在中华人民共和国成立后和回国、回乡定居后，在外国或者港澳等地区继承财产所得外汇，委托中国银行调回境内的，允许留存30％的外汇；
其余70％在结汇后所得的人民币，可以享受优待侨汇的有关待遇。
居住在中国境内的外国侨民和无国籍人，委托中国银行调入其存放在境外的外汇或者调入其继承境外财产所得外汇，留存比例比照上款办理。
四、华侨、港澳同胞等在回国或者回乡定居时，携入或者汇入的外汇，在入境后两个月内向银行申请，允许留存30％的外汇；其余70％在结汇后所得的人民币，可以享受优待侨汇的有关待遇。
上述携入外汇的留存申请，须提供海关申报单才能办理。
五、国家派赴外国或者港澳等地区的工作人员公毕返回，必须将属于个人的工资、津贴等剩余的外汇及时汇回或者携回境内，不得存放境外；凭我驻外机构证明，允许个人留存。
六、国家派赴外国或者港澳等地区学习的留学生、实习生、研究生、学者、教师、教练和其他人员，在境外期间收入外汇的剩余部分，在返回时，必须及时汇回或者携回境内，不得存放境外；其中属于个人应得的外汇，凭我驻外机构证明，允许留存。
七、个人的发明创造、著作等在境外发表、出版和以个人名义出境讲演、讲学，或者向境外报纸、杂志、专业刊物投稿等所得的出版费、版权费、奖金、补助金和稿费等外汇，必须及时调入境内，不得存放境外；按照国务院和有关部委批准的有关规定，或者经国家外汇管理总局同意，
属于个人应得的部分，允许留存。
八、上述各条规定允许个人留存的外汇，必须存入中国银行。该项外币存款，可以汇出境外，也可以凭中国银行证明携出境外；如兑换人民币，可以享受优待侨汇的有关待遇。但是，不得将存款凭证私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境。
个人留存外汇的务理，不得违反《中华人民共和国外汇管理暂行条例》第四条第二款的规定。
九、居住在中国境内的中国人、外国侨民和无国籍人，存放在中国境内的外汇，允许个人持有。但是，不得私自携带、托带或者邮寄出境；如需出售，必须卖给中国银行，并比照本细则第二条的规定办理。
十、来中国的外国人，短期回国的华侨、回乡的港澳同胞，应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员、职工，以及外籍留学生、实习生等，由外国或者港澳等地区汇入或者携入的外汇，可以自行保存，可以卖给或者存入中国银行，也可以凭海关原入境申报单汇出或者携出境外。
十一、应聘在中国境内机构工作的外籍专家、技术人员和职工，需要申请汇出或者携出外汇，由中国银行按照合同、协议的有关规定办理。
十二、本细则经国务院批准，由国家外汇管理总局发布施行。(附英文)
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
RULES FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF FOREIGN EXCHANGE CONTROL RELATING
TO INDIVIDUALS
(Approved by the State Council on December 31, 1981, promulgated
by the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control on December 31,
1981)
Article 1
These Rules are formulated in order to implement the provisions of Chapter
III of the Interim Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control of the People's
Republic of China.
Article 2
When Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China,
receive foreign exchange remitted from foreign countries or from Hong
Kong, Macao or other regions, they must sell it to the Bank of China; they
shall be permitted to retain 10% in foreign exchange of each single large
remittance that is equivalent to 3,000 yuan or more in Renminbi.
All owners shall enjoy the relevant preferential treatment for overseas
Chinese remittances with respect to the Renminbi that they receive through
sales of foreign exchange remittances to the Bank of China as mentioned
above.
Article 3
When entrusting the Bank of China, to repatriate the foreign exchange that
was kept in foreign countries or in Hong Kong, Macao or other regions by
Chinese residing in China prior to the founding of the People's Republic
of China, by overseas Chinese prior to their returning to and settling
down in China, or by Hong Kong and Macao compatriots prior to their
returning to and settling down in their native places, and to repatriate
the foreign exchange received by inheriting property in foreign countries
or in Hong Kong, Macao or other regions by Chinese residing in China after
the founding of the People's Republic of China, by overseas Chinese after
their returning to and settling down in China, or by Hong Kong and Macao
compatriots after their returning to and settling down in their native
places, the owners shall be permitted to retain 30% of the foreign
exchange; as to the Renminbi received after the remaining 70% is
converted, the owners may enjoy the relevant preferential treatment for
overseas Chinese remittances.
Foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China, when entrusting
the Bank of China to repatriate foreign exchange that they have kept
abroad or that they have received by inheriting property outside China,
shall be permitted to retain a portion of the foreign exchange in
accordance with the percentage as stipulated in the preceding paragraph.
Article 4
When overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots, etc. return to
and settle down in China or in their native places, they shall be
permitted to retain 30% of the foreign exchange that they remit or bring
into, if they apply to the Bank within two months after their entry; as to
the Renminbi received after the remaining 70% is converted, the owners may
enjoy the relevant preferential treatment for overseas Chinese
remittances. The application for permission to retain a portion of the
foreign exchange brought into as mentioned above can be made only on the
strength of the relevant Customs declaration form.
Article 5
When personnel sent by the State to work in foreign countries or in Hong
Kong, Macao or other regions return home upon completion of their
missions, they must promptly remit or bring back to China the remaining
foreign exchange from wages, allowances, etc. that belongs to them, and it
shall not be kept abroad; they shall be permitted to retain the foreign
exchange on the strength of certification issued by Chinese organizations
stationed abroad.
Article 6
Students, trainees, postgraduate students, scholars, teachers, coaches and
other personnel who are sent by the State to study in foreign countries or
in Hong Kong, Macao or other regions must, upon their return, promptly
remit or bring back to China the remaining amount of the foreign exchange
that they have received during their stay abroad, and it shall not be kept
abroad; they shall be permitted to retain the foreign exchange that they
are entitled to receive, on the strength of certification issued by
Chinese organizations stationed abroad.
Article 7
The foreign exchange from fees for publication, copyright royalties,
awards, stipend, author's remuneration, etc. earned by individuals for
publications of their inventions, writings and the like abroad, for
speeches and lectures made in their own names outside China, for their
contributions to foreign newspapers, magazines and specialized journals,
etc., must promptly be repatriated and shall not be kept abroad;
individuals shall be permitted to retain the foreign exchange that they
are entitled to receive according to the relevant provisions approved by
the State Council or the ministries or commissions concerned, or with the
approval of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange Control.
Article 8
The foreign exchange that individuals are permitted to retain under the
preceding Articles must be deposited with the Bank of China. Such deposits
in foreign currency may be remitted abroad or may be taken abroad on the
strength of certification issued by the Bank of China; if these deposits
are converted into Renminbi, the owners may enjoy the relevant
preferential treatment for overseas Chinese remittances. However, these
deposit certificates may not, without authorization, be carried or sent
out of China either by holders or by others or by post.
The foreign exchange retained by individuals may not be dealt with in
violation of the provisions in paragraph 2, Article 4 of the Interim
Regulations on Foreign Exchange Control of the People's Republic of China.
Article 9
Chinese, foreign nationals and stateless persons residing in China shall
be permitted to keep in their own possession the foreign exchange already
in China. However, such foreign exchange shall not, without authorization,
be carried or sent out of China by owners or others or by post; if the
owners need to sell the foreign exchange, they must sell it to the Bank of
China, and the matter shall be handled by applying mutatis mutandis the
provisions of Article 2 of these Rules.
Article 10
The foreign exchange remitted or brought into China from foreign countries
or from Hong Kong, Macao or other regions by foreign nationals coming to
China, by overseas Chinese and Hong Kong and Macao compatriots returning
for a short stay, by foreign experts, technicians, staff and workers
engaged to work in China, and by foreign students and trainees, etc., may
be kept in their own possession, may be sold to or deposited with the Bank
of China, or may be remitted or taken out of China on the strength of the
original Customs declaration form filled out at the time of entry.
Article 11
When foreign experts, technicians, staff members and workers engaged to
work in organizations within China need to apply for remitting or taking
abroad their foreign exchange, the Bank of China shall handle the matter
in accordance with the stipulations as provided in the relevant contracts
or agreements.
Article 12
These Rules shall be promulgated and put into effect by the State
Administration of Foreign Exchange Control upon approval by the State
Council.
1981年12月31日
